CourseSource: Resources

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Plotting Cranial and Spinal Nerve Pathways in a Human Anatomy Lab

Hands-on experiences with cadavers, animal dissections, or plastic models are effective at improving student learning and attitudes in human anatomy courses. The hands-on experience allows students to visualize and experiment with anatomical...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology Science Process Skills

human anatomyNervous systemBrainCranial nerveNerveSpinal cordSpinal nerve

Teaching Tools and Strategies

1134

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108

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Medical Student Opinions of a Gross Anatomy Course Aided with Prosection

Dissection manuals and color atlases are useful tools in the anatomy lab, but do not provide the important three-dimensional (3-D) relationships between structures. For the first time at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), a...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology

Gross AnatomyStructure function relationMorphological variationProsected specimen as teaching tool

Lesson

1999

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318

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The Inside and Outside the Body

The Inside and Outside the Body activity helps students develop a conceptual understanding of anatomical barriers such as skin and mucus membranes that separate internal cells and fluids from the external environment. This short exercise prepares...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology

structureAnatomybarriers

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1603

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284

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A Hybrid Virtual Kinesiology Laboratory Module for Human Anatomy and Physiology

The integration of virtual technology is becoming a common trend in anatomy education at the undergraduate and graduate levels. The incorporation of virtual 3D anatomical models into the classroom is beneficial to students, especially if they do...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology

kinesiologyexercise physiologyAnaerobic RespirationMaximum Oxygen ConsumptionMuscular SystemVirtual AnatomyWingate Test

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1167

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552

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Understanding Gastric Acid Secretion: An Active Learning Approach

The human digestive system is a diverse network of cells, tissues, and organs that is regulated by systemic (e.g., nervous and endocrine systems) and local factors (e.g., secretions, pH, and the microbiome). Given the volume of content and the...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology

diseasesignal transductionAcid SecretionAutonomic Nervous SystemEndocrineGastric PhysiologyGPCRHistology of Gastric Pit

Science Behind the Lesson

2976

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156

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Science Behind the Lesson: It's a Bird! It's a Plane! It's Biomechanics!

Active flight is a specialized mode of movement found in insects, birds, and mammals. The anatomy, morphology, physiology, and ecology of flying taxa has changed over evolutionary time. Researchers have proposed several hypotheses about the...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology Ecology Ecology

EvolutionecologybatphysiologyAnatomybiomechanicsbirdFlightinsect

Lesson

526

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84

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Promoting Interleaved and Spaced Practice in Anatomy and Physiology Students

Students' academic performance in college can be impacted by varying background experiences and skill levels. This article describes a lesson designed for undergraduate Anatomy and Physiology students to address the challenge instructors face...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology

Anatomical Terms and DirectionInterleaved PracticeStudy StrategiesSpaced Practice

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4319

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708

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Problem-Based Learning for Physiology: Synthesizing the Cardiovascular System, Respiration, Macronutrient Metabolism, and Renal Function

Problem Based Learning (PBL) is a valuable tool for helping students overcome reliance on memorization by scaffolding opportunities for them to practice the competency of “systems thinking,” which is the ability to understand...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology

MetabolismObesityblood pressurecardiac functioncardiovascularmetabolic syndromerenalRespirationrespiratory system

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2299

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282

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You and Your Oral Microflora: Introducing non-biology majors to their “forgotten organ”

With limited time available for laboratory activities, introductory science courses for non-science majors typically use the laboratory period to reinforce material that was previously presented during lecture. This practice was true of a human...

Courses: Genetics Introductory Biology Microbiology Science Process Skills

bacteriamicrobiomeBLASTmicrobesDNA replicationPolymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Lesson

239

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39

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Using an Interactive Game, Gutsy, to Examine the Impacts of Pathogens and Everyday Events on the Human Gut Microbiome

The human gut microbiome is often associated with ‘good bacteria’ in marketing campaigns for dietary supplements, probiotic drinks, and fermented foods. Yet, the dynamic and complex community of microbes that make up the gut microbiome...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology Immunology Microbiology

bacteriaGamepathogenhealthmicrobiomediversity

Lesson

1954

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369

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Engaging Undergraduates in Mechanisms of Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion in the Mammalian Kidney

If students fail to see the connections among physiological systems, they can become overwhelmed with the amount of information they need to learn. Some students have particular difficulty with the renal system for this reason. This lesson was...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology Cell Biology

OsmosisActive transportMass flowRenal reabsorptionRenal secretionTransport across membranes

Lesson

1077

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179

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It's a bird! It's a plane! It's biomechanics!

Biomechanics is a discipline that draws from physics and engineering principles to understand the movement and structure of living organisms. It is highly interdisciplinary in nature and can be incorporated into general biology and ecology...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology Ecology Ecology Evolution

EvolutionecologybatphysiologyAnatomybirdFlightforcesinsect

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1873

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323

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Modeling the Research Process: Authentic human physiology research in a large non-majors course

Laboratory experiences in large-enrollment introductory science courses often utilize “cookie-cutter style” laboratory experiences due to the relative simplicity of setting up the lab stations, as well as a need to teach students...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology Introductory Biology Neurobiology Science Process Skills

data analysishypothesis testingexperimental designphysiology

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1578

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492

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Doctor in the House: Improving Undergraduate Critical Thinking Skills Through Diagnosing Medical Case Studies

Students in undergraduate anatomy and physiology courses are not often exposed to clinical examples of homeostatic imbalances, particularly ones that provide an opportunity to diagnose a medical case. We designed a set of medical cases...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology Science Process Skills

medicinediagnosiscardiovasculardeductive reasoningdigestiveEndocrinehomeostatic imbalancehypothetico-deductive modelurinary

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1194

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175

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Simulating Cortical Rotation, Axis Induction, and Experimental Embryology in Amphibian Embryos Using Clay Models

The study of development requires learners to understand spatially complex concepts like embryo anatomy. Embryo anatomy is dynamic over time, and it is often manipulated by researchers in experiments that are fundamental to the field. This spatial...

Courses: Developmental Biology

developmentXenopusfertilizationEmbryologyinductionSymmetry breakingOrganizerCortical rotationPatterning

Science Behind the Lesson

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The Science Behind the ACTN3 Polymorphism

A common polymorphism in the alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) gene results in the lack of ACTN3 protein expression in fast twitch muscle fibers in ~16% of the human population (1). This genetic change has been linked with muscle performance in humans (2)...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology Genetics

protein structure and functionhuman genetic variationskeletal muscle physiology

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2334

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230

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Sex and gender: What does it mean to be female or male?

This lesson provides three activities to engage non-science major students in a discussion about sex, gender, gender identity, and sex determination. Students prepare for the lesson by reading a short article titled Sex and gender: What is the...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology Introductory Biology

gendersex determinationgender identitysex

Teaching Tools and Strategies

1647

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316

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SCIENCE/Fiction: Modular Template for Class Design

We present a modular scaffold for designing an introductory seminar using speculative fiction and science papers to welcome university undergraduates to the biology major. A list of twelve possible topics is included, such as Memory, Parasites,...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Cell Biology Evolution Genetics Introductory Biology Neurobiology

geneticscell biologyneurosciencesystems biologyScience Fiction

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1638

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392

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How to Find a Gene: Retrieving Information From Gene Databases

A strong understanding of distinct gene components and the ability to retrieve relevant information from gene databases are necessary to answer a diverse set of biological questions. However, often there is a considerable gap between...

Courses: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bioinformatics Cell Biology Genetics Introductory Biology

NCBItranscriptiontranslationGene StructureGene databasesEnsembl

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1013

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153

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What do Bone and Silly Putty® have in Common?: A Lesson on Bone Viscoelasticity

Without the use of real-life examples and models, actively instructing and engaging students in complex physiology topics related to bone biomechanics can be challenging. In our large-enrollment Human Physiology & Anatomy courses at the...

Courses: Anatomy-Physiology

structure-functioninjuryAnisotropyHysteresisSkeletal SystemViscoelasticity