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    Genotype-phenotype associations: What are they, and how are they related to broader society?
    In this lesson, students will explore contexts in which a single genotype does not directly yield a single phenotype (polygenic traits and gene x environment interactions). Students will reflect on...

    Keywords: journal clubevolution educationInclusive teachinggenotype to phenotypeGenotype-Phenotype Connectionspolygenic traitsgenotype x environment interactions

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    My Dog IS My Homework: Exploring Canine Genetics to Understand Genotype-Phenotype Relationships
    To facilitate understanding of the fundamental genetic concept of the genotype-phenotype relationship in our introductory biology students, we designed an engaging multi-week series of related...

    Keywords: gel electrophoresissequence analysiscanine geneticsdeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)dog coat morphologygenotype and phenotypemutationsPolymerase chain reaction (PCR)single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

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    Garden peas and cabbage plants: A short 'de-simplified genetics' activity
    Are plants of genotype T/T tall? Are those of genotype t/t short? Let's find out in this short activity entirely based on a segment of: Smith's (2014) "It’s Not Your Grandmother’s Genetics Anymore!"

    Keywords: geneticsintroductory biologyclickersenvironmentplantsin-class activitygenotypephenotypeMendel

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    Linking Genotype to Phenotype: The Effect of a Mutation in Gibberellic Acid Production on Plant Germination
    Basic concepts in genetics and plant development are often taught in lecture courses without a lab component. This approach provides students with the content knowledge, but fails to make...

    Keywords: geneticsdevelopmentmutationgerminationplantmodel organismGenotype/PhenotypeHormoneSeed

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    The Great Petunia Carnage of 2017: A Clicker Case Study Using Petunias to Describe the Effect of Genetic Modification on the Biochemistry of Flower Color and Phenotype in Plants
    In this single class period case study, students examine the difference between genotype and phenotype by studying the mechanisms by which commercially available petunias have been bred to have...

    Keywords: case studyGenetic ModificationsBiochemistry of Flower ColorGMO regulationsGenotype-Phenotype Connections

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    Where Does Elsie's Hair Color Come From? A "De-Simplified" Pedigree Lesson
    Pedigree analysis is part of most Genetics curricula, but the examples traditionally used in genetics courses present phenotypes as if they were entirely and inexorably defined by genotype. This...

    Keywords: pedigreeMultifactorialphenotypic variationpenetranceexpressivityquantitative variation

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    The ACTN3 Polymorphism: Applications in Genetics and Physiology Teaching Laboratories
    Inquiry-based undergraduate laboratories provide the opportunity to engage students in a research experience that improves scientific thinking, but such activities can be difficult to develop and...

    Keywords: protein structure and functionhuman genetic variationmuscle physiology

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    Using computational molecular modeling software to demonstrate how DNA mutations cause phenotypes
    This lesson is a five-week series of laboratory activities designed to help students transition from applying lower order thinking skills to the central dogma to applying higher-order thinking skills.

    Keywords: bioinformaticsNIBLSEProtein StructureDNAmolecular modelinggenotypephenotypeCourseSourcecomputational modelingcentral dogmaplant leaf structure

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    Learn genomics and bioinformatics through scientific thinking, creation and analysis (virtual and hands-on)
    Nucleic acid are biological molecules composed of nitrogen-containing bases, phosphate groups, and sugar molecules. The complimentary chemical bonding results in formation of double stranded DNA....

    Keywords: data analysisbioinformaticsnucleotidesproteinsRNAgenomicsScientific communicationscientific writingDNAmodelling scientific thinkinggenescientific thinkingcreation

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    Exploring the Introduction of Genetic Variation by Random Mutation: Avida-Ed Lab Book Exercise 1
    An introductory activity introducing the role of random mutation in generating genetic variation using the Avida-ED simulation.

    Keywords: geneticsEvolutionavida-edmutationsoftware simulations

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    Building creatures with the central dogma of biology
    Activity that demonstrates how nucleotide changes can affect phenotypes

    Keywords: amino acidsnucleotidesRNADNAgenotypephenotypecentral dogma

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    How Many More Thymes? A Case of Phytochemical Defense
    National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science- this clicker case addresses several concepts related to the evolutionary ecology of herbivore defenses.

    Keywords: food websgenotypephenotypeHerbivoryherbivoredeterrencemonoterpeneproducerchemotypeThymus vulgaristhymeMediterranean ecosystemchemical defenses

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    The Science Behind the ACTN3 Polymorphism
    A common polymorphism in the alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) gene results in the lack of ACTN3 protein expression in fast twitch muscle fibers in ~16% of the human population (1). This genetic change has...

    Keywords: protein structure and functionhuman genetic variationskeletal muscle physiology

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    The Evolution of Color Vision in Monkeys: From Nucleotides to Ecology
    This case study examines the evolution color vision in Old World and New World monkeys from multiple biological perspectives.

    Keywords: phylogeneticsgenescase studybiologyResources @ NSF - NCCSTSColor visiondichromatictrichromaticnucleotidesproteinsopsinscell functioncone cellsphotoreceptorsspectral shiftgene duplicationmeiosissex-linkedfood gatheringmonkeysprimatesResources @ QUBES - Teaching & Referenceundergraduate biology education

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    How Many More Thymes & Herbivore Defense
    Adaptations to the How Many More Thymes? case study featuring terpene-based herbivore defense and pollinator attraction in Nicotiana plants.

    Keywords: food websgenotypephenotypeHerbivoryherbivoredeterrencemonoterpeneproducerchemotypeThymus vulgaristhymeMediterranean ecosystemchemical defensesManduca sextaNicotiana

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    Garden Variety Mutations: Using Primary Data to Understand the Central Dogma in Large-Lecture Introductory Biology
    The ability to interpret and create an argument from data is a crucial skill for budding scientists, yet one that is seldom practiced in introductory courses. During this argumentation module,...

    Keywords: mutationtranscriptiongene expressioncentral dogmatranslationgel electrophoresisGenotype/Phenotype

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    Using the Hardy-Weinberg Equations: Quantifying Natural Selection and Allele Frequencies
    This module contains exercises designed to walk students through a real-world example of the coevolution of fruit color and primate frugivore color vision. Students will apply the Hardy-Weinberg...

    Keywords: Hardy-WeinbergEvolutionintroductory biologyQuantitative reasoninginterdisciplinaryNIQBC2. Data and GraphsC4. mathematical modelsC3. Statistical AnalysisC6. Quantitative LanguageC1. Numeracy

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    Joel E. Greengiant Learns About Peas: From Nucleotides to Selection
    This case study follows purveyors of peas, Joel E. and Jolene Greengiant, as they learn about the origin, biochemistry, genetics and eventual artificial selection of sweet (wrinkled) peas, all in...

    Keywords: geneticspopulation geneticsEvolutionintroductory biologycase studybiologyResources @ NSF - NCCSTSmeiosisMendel’s peaspea plantPisum sativumMendel’s Lawsmolecular geneticsmutationnucleotide insertionartificial selectionstarch synthesisstarch branching enzymeplant domesticationlegumesResources @ QUBES - Teaching & Reference

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    Why do Some People Inherit a Predisposition to Cancer? A small group activity on cancer genetics
    Before undergraduate students take a genetics course they generally know cancer has a genetic basis and involves the proliferation of cells; however, many are uncertain about why only a subset of...

    Keywords: cancerInheritance patternsProbability calculationProto-oncogeneTumor Suppressor Gene

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    Engaging Students in Pharmacogenetics: Patient Case Studies Using the PharmGKB Website
    Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are important regulators of drug efficacy and toxicity. Genetic variation in CYP isoforms can impact how well patients respond to medications or experience unwanted...

    Keywords: toxicologyPharmacologydrug metabolismpharmacodynamicspharmacogenetics

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