The Mathematics of Voting Systems: Plurality, Runoff and Ranked Choice
Author(s): Tess Hick
Bates College
621 total view(s), 1369 download(s)
Monday Lesson Plan.pdf(PDF | 55 KB)
Monday Guided Notes.docx(DOCX | 23 KB)
Monday Guided Notes Key.docx(DOCX | 37 KB)
Monday Slides.pptx(PPTX | 7 MB)
Tuesday Lesson Plan.pdf(PDF | 53 KB)
Tuesday Worksheet.docx(DOCX | 18 KB)
Tuesday Worksheet Key.docx(DOCX | 18 KB)
Tuesday Post-Voting Worksheet.docx(DOCX | 23 KB)
Tuesday Slides.pptx(PPTX | 2 MB)
Wednesday Lesson Plan.pdf(PDF | 60 KB)
Wednesday Worksheet.docx(DOCX | 34 KB)
Wednesday Worksheet Key.docx(DOCX | 34 KB)
Post Voting Wednesday.docx(DOCX | 17 KB)
Post Voting Wednesday Key.docx(DOCX | 17 KB)
Ranked-Choice Ballots Wednesday.docx(DOCX | 54 KB)
Wednesday Slides.pptx(PPTX | 2 MB)
Thursday Lesson Plan.pdf(PDF | 55 KB)
Thursday Worksheet.docx(DOCX | 27 KB)
Thursday Worksheet Key.docx(DOCX | 24 KB)
Thursday Slides.pptx(PPTX | 2 MB)
Friday Lesson Plan.pdf(PDF | 46 KB)
Friday Slides.pptx(PPTX | 542 KB)
Student Slides Template.pptx(PPTX | 42 KB)
Reflection For Students.pdf(PDF | 50 KB)
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Description
This unit was originally implemented in an eighth-grade math classroom in Maine, but is appropriate for sixth grade and up, and could be used in either math or social studies.
Monday's lesson is about the social context of voting. Students learn about how voting works around the United States and around the world, and consider questions like "what is voting?" and "what should be true in a fair election?"
Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday all involve a mock election on the best superpower. On Tuesday, students count the votes using the plurality method, and learn about the difference between plurality and majority. On Wednesday, students count votes using the runoff method, and consider the spoiler effect. On Thursday, students learn about and use ranked choice, and consider the difference between polarizing candidates and candidates with broad support. The math standards involved are going between representations of data (ex. graph to table), calculating percentages, and statistical reasoning.
On Friday, students consider the pros and cons of each system in the context of their school, and create a proposal for which method should be used to count votes in student council elections.
Note that many of the materials have class data filled in as an example. Teachers should replace this data with their own class' votes.
Cite this work
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
- Hick, T. (2022). The Mathematics of Voting Systems: Plurality, Runoff and Ranked Choice. QUBES Educational Resources. doi:10.25334/S9MJ-7B67